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L6M1試験の準備方法｜最高のL6M1ウェブトレーニング試験｜有効的なStrategic Ethical Leadership資格問題集

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CIPS L6M1 認定試験の出題範囲：

トピック
出題範囲

トピック 1

Understand and apply communication planning techniques: This section measures the skills of Communications Managers and focuses on evaluating influencing styles that can be used in the effective leadership of a supply chain. It covers implementing a vision of improved procurement, models for managing in different directions, and influencing styles for cross-functional leadership. A key skill measured is implementing a vision of improved communication.

トピック 2

Understand and apply leadership skills and behaviors: This section measures the skills of Procurement Managers and focuses on critically evaluating the differences between leadership and management. It covers defining leadership roles, the importance of leadership, situational leadership, and transformational leadership. A key skill measured is differentiating leadership and management approaches effectively.

トピック 3

Understand and apply ethical practices and standards: This section measures the skills of Regulatory Compliance Managers and assesses regulations that impact the ethical employment of people.

トピック 4

Understand and apply methods to overcome leadership challenges: This section focuses on Conflict Resolution Specialists and contrasts the sources of power and how they can be used to overcome common challenges faced by procurement and supply chain leaders. It includes perspectives on individual power and organizational power.

トピック 5

Evaluate influencing styles for effective supply chain leadership: This section targets HR Managers and compares leadership techniques that can be used to influence personnel involved in a supply chain. It includes assessing the readiness of followers, leaders' attitudes to people, management by objectives, and emotional intelligence. A critical skill assessed is assessing the readiness of HR for a particular task.

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CIPS Strategic Ethical Leadership 認定 L6M1 試験問題 (Q31-Q36):

質問 # 31
SIMULATION
Discuss transformational and transactional approaches to leadership. Which is the most appropriate approach in the following case study:
Mo is a procurement manager at a large manufacturing organisation. He oversees a team of 5 procurement assistants. The assistants are currently not working to a high level; they lack skills and confidence in completing tenders and Mo is concerned about their abilities to conduct accurate work. (25 points)

正解：

解説：
See the Answer is the explanation
Explanation:
Introduction
Leadership is a critical factor in shaping employee performance, motivation, and overall organizational success. In procurement, managers must adopt a leadership style that aligns with their team's capabilities, business objectives, and operational challenges. Two widely recognized leadership styles are Transformational Leadership and Transactional Leadership, each with distinct characteristics and effects on team performance.
This essay will discuss both leadership styles, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. It will then evaluate which approach is best suited for Mo, a procurement manager facing skill and confidence issues among his team members.
Understanding Transformational Leadership
Definition
Transformational leadership is a leadership style that focuses on inspiring, motivating, and developing employees to reach their full potential. Transformational leaders act as mentors and role models, encouraging innovation, professional growth, and long-term performance improvements.
Key Characteristics of Transformational Leadership
Inspiration and Motivation - The leader encourages employees to perform beyond expectations through a compelling vision.
Individualized Support - Focuses on mentoring and coaching employees to enhance their skills.
Encourages Innovation - Employees are empowered to think creatively and solve problems.
Develops Future Leaders - Focuses on long-term talent development rather than short-term task completion.
High Engagement and Emotional Intelligence - Builds strong relationships with employees and fosters a positive workplace culture.
Advantages of Transformational Leadership
✅ Encourages professional growth - Employees develop new skills and gain confidence.
✅ Increases motivation and job satisfaction - Employees feel valued and supported.
✅ Promotes innovation and continuous improvement - Encourages employees to think creatively.
✅ Builds long-term organizational success - Creates future leaders through mentoring and skill development.
Disadvantages of Transformational Leadership
❌ Time-consuming - Requires significant time and effort for mentoring and development.
❌ Not suitable for urgent performance issues - If immediate performance improvement is needed, transformational leadership may be too slow.
❌ Employees may resist change - Some employees may be unwilling to embrace coaching and new expectations.
Understanding Transactional Leadership
Definition
Transactional leadership is a leadership style based on a structured, performance-driven approach. It focuses on clear expectations, rewards for success, and consequences for underperformance. This style is best suited for improving task efficiency, enforcing compliance, and ensuring consistency.
Key Characteristics of Transactional Leadership
Clear Expectations and Rules - Employees have defined roles and responsibilities.
Performance-Based Rewards and Punishments - Good performance is rewarded, while poor performance is corrected through disciplinary actions.
Focus on Efficiency and Results - Emphasizes productivity and operational efficiency over employee growth.
Short-Term Performance Goals - Ensures immediate improvements in employee performance.
Hierarchy and Structure - Follows a strict chain of command.
Advantages of Transactional Leadership
✅ Ensures short-term efficiency and compliance - Clearly defines expectations, which leads to immediate improvements in performance.
✅ Effective for structured tasks - Employees know exactly what is expected, reducing uncertainty.
✅ Increases accountability - Employees are held responsible for meeting targets.
✅ Useful for crisis management - Provides a clear directive in high-pressure situations.
Disadvantages of Transactional Leadership
❌ Limited employee development - Focuses more on task completion rather than skill enhancement.
❌ Can reduce creativity and innovation - Employees may feel restricted by rigid expectations.
❌ May reduce motivation - Over-reliance on rules and punishments can create a negative work environment.
❌ Not ideal for building long-term talent - Employees may not develop leadership skills or confidence.
Which Leadership Style is Most Suitable for Mo?
Case Study Analysis: Mo's Leadership Challenge
Mo is a procurement manager leading a team of 5 procurement assistants.
The assistants are underperforming due to lack of skills and confidence.
Mo is concerned about their ability to complete procurement tenders accurately.
Evaluating the Best Leadership Approach for Mo

Based on the specific challenges Mo is facing, neither leadership style alone is perfect. Instead, a combined approach is most suitable:
Recommended Approach: A Blend of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Short-Term Approach: Transactional Leadership for Immediate Performance Improvement Mo should set clear expectations and enforce accountability to ensure the assistants improve their performance in procurement tenders.
Implement a structured training program with performance benchmarks.
Use performance-based incentives (e.g., bonuses, recognition for accurate work).
Provide constructive feedback on mistakes to encourage learning.
Long-Term Approach: Transformational Leadership for Skill Development and Confidence Mo should act as a mentor and coach, providing continuous learning opportunities.
Encourage assistants to develop confidence in procurement by assigning them progressively challenging tasks.
Inspire the team by highlighting the importance of procurement excellence in achieving organizational goals.
Implement peer learning and mentorship programs to create a supportive learning environment.
Conclusion
Both Transformational Leadership and Transactional Leadership offer valuable benefits, but in the case of Mo's underperforming team, a blended approach is the most effective strategy.
Transactional Leadership should be used in the short term to improve immediate performance, enforce accountability, and ensure accuracy in procurement tenders.
Transformational Leadership should be introduced gradually to develop skills, boost confidence, and foster long-term career growth among the procurement assistants.
By combining both approaches, Mo can quickly improve his team's performance while ensuring they gain the necessary skills and confidence to succeed in procurement. This balanced leadership approach ensures short-term efficiency and long-term growth, making it the most effective strategy for Mo's situation.

質問 # 32
SIMULATION
Explain 5 qualities of an effective leader (10 points) Discuss the role of a leader in relation to the procurement and supply chain function of an organisation (15 points)

正解：

解説：
See the Answer is the explanation
Explanation:
(A) Five Qualities of an Effective Leader (10 Points)
Effective leadership is crucial for the success of any organization, particularly in strategic procurement and supply chain management. Below are five key qualities that define an effective leader:
Vision and Strategic Thinking (2 Points)
A successful leader has a clear vision for the future and can develop strategic plans to achieve organizational goals.
In procurement, this means aligning supply chain strategies with overall business objectives, such as cost reduction, sustainability, and supplier relationship management.
Integrity and Ethical Leadership (2 Points)
Ethical leaders act with honesty, transparency, and fairness, setting high ethical standards for their teams.
In procurement, integrity ensures fair supplier selection, compliance with procurement laws, and avoiding corruption or conflicts of interest.
Decision-Making and Problem-Solving Skills (2 Points)
Leaders must analyze complex situations, consider different perspectives, and make informed decisions.
In supply chain management, this involves risk assessment, supplier negotiation, and resolving disruptions (e.g., supply shortages, logistics issues, or geopolitical risks).
Communication and Influence (2 Points)
An effective leader clearly communicates the organization's goals and expectations to internal and external stakeholders.
In procurement, this involves negotiating contracts, managing supplier relationships, and ensuring cross-functional collaboration within the organization.
Emotional Intelligence and People Management (2 Points)
Emotional intelligence (EQ) includes self-awareness, empathy, motivation, and social skills, which are essential for managing teams.
In procurement, this helps leaders build trust, motivate employees, and handle conflicts with suppliers or internal teams effectively.
(B) Role of a Leader in Procurement and Supply Chain Functions (15 Points) Leaders in procurement and supply chain management play a crucial strategic role in ensuring the efficiency, sustainability, and ethical integrity of the organization's supply chain. Below are five key roles a leader plays:
Setting Strategic Direction in Procurement (3 Points)
A leader defines procurement objectives in line with corporate strategy, such as cost reduction, supplier diversity, risk management, and sustainability.
Example: A Chief Procurement Officer (CPO) may implement a strategy to reduce reliance on a single supplier and diversify sourcing to minimize risks.
Ensuring Ethical and Sustainable Procurement (3 Points)
Leaders must establish and enforce ethical procurement policies to avoid fraud, bribery, or unethical supplier practices.
Example: Ensuring compliance with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives, such as sourcing from ethical suppliers who follow fair labor practices.
Supplier Relationship and Risk Management (3 Points)
A leader is responsible for building strong supplier relationships that foster trust, reliability, and long-term partnerships.
They also identify and mitigate risks in the supply chain, such as supply disruptions, geopolitical risks, and financial instability of suppliers.
Driving Innovation and Continuous Improvement (3 Points)
Leaders encourage teams to adopt innovative technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, and data analytics in procurement.
Example: Implementing e-procurement systems to enhance efficiency and transparency in supplier transactions.
Developing and Empowering the Procurement Team (3 Points)
A leader must focus on talent development, upskilling procurement professionals, and fostering a culture of continuous learning.
Example: Providing training on contract management, negotiation skills, and supplier evaluation techniques to enhance team capabilities.

質問 # 33
SIMULATION
Discuss three of the following areas of employment law: minimum wage, overtime and holiday pay, working hours, Health and Safety at Work, equality (25 points).

正解：

質問 # 34
SIMULATION
Discuss internal and external sources of change (10 points). What is a Forcefield Analysis and how can this help a leader plan for change? (15 points)

正解：

解説：
See the Answer is the explanation
Explanation:
Overall explanation
Below you will find how you can plan and draft the essay. Remember this is an example of one way you could approach the question. At Level 6 the questions are much more open so your response may be completely different and that's okay.
Essay Plan
Divide into two separate answers
1) Internal changes; personnel, systems, structure. External changes; STEEPLED and Porter - legislation, economy, technology, competitors.
2) Intro: what is a forcefield analysis? Explain how to do one. Then How can it help? Define objectives, impact on communication strategy Example Essay Change is a constant in the business world, and organizations must adapt to various internal and external forces to remain competitive and relevant. Understanding the sources of change is crucial for managing transformations effectively. In this essay, we will explore the distinction between internal and external sources of change and discuss how they impact personnel, processes, and company structure.
Sources of Internal Change within a Business:
People Changes: Changes in personnel, such as hiring, firing, promotions, and retirements, can have a profound impact on an organization. New hires may require training and onboarding, potentially affecting productivity during the transition. Terminations or layoffs may lead to temporary disruptions and workload adjustments for remaining employees. Moreover personnel changes can influence the organization's culture. New employees may bring different values and perspectives, while the loss of experienced employees can result in a shift in the workplace culture. Promotions and changes in leadership positions can influence decision-making, team dynamics, and the overall direction of the organization.
Systems Changes: Implementing or modifying systems, including software, technology, or operational procedures, can significantly affect how an organization operates. Well-planned systems changes can lead to increased operational efficiency, reduced errors, and improved decision-making, but employees may need time to adapt to new systems, potentially causing a temporary decrease in productivity. Moreover, systems changes can impact data storage, retrieval, and analysis, influencing how information is utilized within the organization.
Company Structure Changes: Altering the organization's structure, including hierarchies, departments, or reporting lines, can reshape how work is organized and executed. Employees who experience shifts in job roles, responsibilities, or reporting relationships, can affect job satisfaction and performance. It may also require adjustments in communication processes, potentially impacting the flow of information within the organization. A well-designed company structure can enhance efficiency and adaptability, while a poorly structured one may lead to inefficiencies and bureaucracy.
Sources of External Change Impacting a Business:
Legislation Changes: Changes in laws and regulations can have immediate and long-term consequences for businesses. Adapting to new regulations may require financial investments in compliance measures, training, or legal counsel. Businesses may need to modify processes and practices to ensure adherence to updated legal requirements. Companies that can proactively adapt to legislative changes may gain a competitive advantage by being compliant and avoiding penalties. An example of this is the upcoming changes to Public Sector Procurement Regulations which will take place in 2024, following the UK's departure from the EU.
Economic Changes: Economic shifts, such as recessions, inflation, or economic growth, can affect an organization's financial health and market position. Economic downturns can lead to decreased consumer spending and reduced revenue, requiring cost-cutting measures like layoffs or budget reductions. Conversely economic growth can present new market opportunities, prompting expansion, product diversification, or investment in research and development. Economic fluctuations can also disrupt supply chains, affecting inventory management, pricing, and delivery times.
Technological Changes: Rapid advancements in technology can drive changes in how businesses operate and compete. Embracing technological advancements can enhance operational efficiency, reduce costs, and improve customer experiences. Employees may require training to adapt to new technologies, and organizations may need to invest in digital infrastructure. Technology-driven innovations can disrupt traditional industries and create new competitive threats or opportunities. For example the music industry has seen huge changes in the past 10 years due to the increasing popularity of streaming platforms such as Apple Music and Spotify.
Competitor Actions: Actions taken by competitors, such as new product launches, marketing campaigns, or market entries, can influence an organization's market share and strategy. This may require adjustments in pricing, product offerings, or marketing strategies. An organisation should look at Porter's 5 Forces and STEEPLE analysis to fully understand potential external sources of change.
In the dynamic business environment, both internal and external sources of change play significant roles in shaping organizations. Recognizing these sources of change and effectively managing them are essential for organizations to succeed.
Forcefield Analysis
Lewin's Force Field Analysis is a valuable tool that can help a leader plan for change by providing a structured framework for understanding the forces at play in an organization when considering a change initiative. Developed by psychologist Kurt Lewin in 1951, this model helps leaders assess the driving forces that promote change and the restraining forces that resist it.
Identifying Driving and Restraining Forces:
Driving Forces: These are factors that push for change and support the desired change initiative. Identifying these forces helps leaders understand what is propelling the organization toward change. Examples of driving forces include market opportunities, customer demands, and performance improvement goals.
Restraining Forces: These are factors that oppose or hinder change. Recognizing these forces is crucial as they represent obstacles that need to be addressed or overcome. Restraining forces can include employee resistance, existing processes, or budget constraints.
Assessing the Balance:
After identifying driving and restraining forces, leaders can assess the balance between them. This analysis provides a clear picture of the overall readiness for change within the organization. If driving forces outweigh restraining forces, it suggests a favourable environment for change, while an imbalance in the other direction may require more effort to gain buy-in and overcome resistance.
Prioritizing Action Steps:
Once the forces are identified and their balance is assessed, leaders can prioritize action steps accordingly. For driving forces, leaders can focus on leveraging them further and ensuring that they continue to support the change. For restraining forces, strategies can be developed to mitigate or overcome them. This may involve addressing concerns, providing training, or reallocating resources.
How this can help a leader plan for change:
Force Field Analysis provides a foundation for developing a comprehensive change management plan. Leaders can use the insights gained to structure the plan, including defining specific objectives, timelines, and key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure progress.
Understanding the forces at play allows leaders to tailor their communication and engagement strategies. They can target communication efforts toward addressing the concerns and motivations of employees, stakeholders, and other relevant parties. By addressing restraining forces through effective communication, leaders can build support for the change.
The analysis doesn't end with the initiation of change; it continues throughout the change process. Leaders can continuously monitor the balance of forces and adjust their strategies as needed. If new restraining forces emerge or driving forces weaken, the change plan can be adapted accordingly to maintain momentum.
In summary, Lewin's Force Field Analysis provides leaders with a structured approach to understanding the dynamics of change within an organization. By identifying driving and restraining forces, leaders can better plan, execute, and manage change initiatives, ultimately increasing the likelihood of successful implementation and achieving desired outcomes.
Tutor Notes
- I have split my answers here and clearly signposted this to the examiner. A top tip is to consider the examiner's first look at your essay. By doing this, they can clearly see within the first 10 seconds that I've understood the question and I've answered all parts. It's a way to set yourself up for success. So, use all the headings and spacings you can. I don't think you can use bold in the exam, but you could use capital letters instead.
- A way to improve on the above would be to give more examples. For the Forcefield analysis you could talk about a potential change at company X being the introduction of a new product line, and say what the forces for and against would be. This would really hammer-home to the examiner you know your stuff.
- Sources of change - p. 224 (note the study guide says internal sources are people, structure and processes, I used the word system in my essay above rather than processes but it's the same thing). External sources of change are anything from STEEPLED and Porter. Remember the question is only worth 10 points, so 3 or 4 internal and 3 or 4 internal is more than enough. Don't do a full STEEPLED. You don't have time.
- Forcefield analysis is p. 232

質問 # 35
SIMULATION
Explain how Modern Slavery is a risk to a supply chain and possible ways a Supply Chain Manager can mitigate this risk (25 points)

正解：

解説：
See the Answer is the explanation
Explanation:
Overall explanation
Below you will find how you can plan and draft the essay. Remember this is an example of one way you could approach the question. At Level 6 the questions are much more open so your response may be completely different and that's okay.
Essay Plan
Introduction - modern slavery is an issue due to complex international supply chains P1 - risk - subcontracting or outsourcing P2 - risk - lack of visibility P3 - risk - other countries not having strong laws against it P4 - mitigate - supplier due diligence P5 - mitigate - traceability e.g. blockchain P6 - mitigate - training P7 - mitigate - collaboration and reporting P8 - example - DJ Houghton Conclusion - modern slavery is risk legally and ethically and also to business reputation Example Essay Modern slavery, a grave violation of human rights, poses a significant risk to supply chains across the globe. As organizations increasingly rely on complex and globalized supply networks, the risk of unwittingly engaging with suppliers that exploit forced labour and human trafficking becomes ever more concerning. This essay explores the risks associated with modern slavery in the supply chain and suggests possible mitigation strategies for supply chain managers. To illustrate the real-world implications of these risks, I will reference the legal case of Antuzis & Ors v DJ Houghton Ltd.
Modern slavery, which includes practices like forced labour and human trafficking, can infiltrate supply chains in various ways. One significant entry point is through subcontracting and outsourcing. As supply chains become increasingly complex, organizations often rely on subcontractors and suppliers further down the chain. Unfortunately, these lower-tier suppliers may engage in exploitative labour practices to cut costs, which can go unnoticed by the primary organization.
Moreover, the lack of transparency within supply chains poses a considerable risk. Limited visibility into sub-tier suppliers and subcontractors makes it challenging to assess their labour practices. This lack of transparency creates opportunities for modern slavery to thrive undetected, posing a significant risk to organizations and their stakeholders.
Additionally, globalization plays a role in the risk equation. Sourcing materials and products internationally increases the risk of encountering suppliers operating in regions with weaker labour protections and lax enforcement of anti-slavery laws. This is particularly true in countries with less stringent child working laws such as in South East Asia.
Supply chain managers play a crucial role in identifying and mitigating the risk of modern slavery in the supply chain. Several strategies can be employed to address this risk effectively:
Firstly, comprehensive supplier due diligence is paramount. This involves conducting thorough assessments of suppliers, including lower-tier suppliers, to evaluate their labour practices, compliance with anti-slavery laws, and adherence to ethical standards. It also entails implementing regular audits and inspections of suppliers to ensure compliance with labour laws and ethical standards. An organisation can employ a third party to conduct these audits, to ensure that the results are authentic.
Secondly, establishing transparency and traceability within the supply chain is essential. This can be achieved by meticulously mapping the supply chain, identifying potential risks, and ensuring visibility into lower-tier suppliers. Modern technology, such as blockchain and supply chain management software, can be instrumental in tracking and tracing the origins of products and materials.
Thirdly, organizations should develop and communicate a robust supplier code of conduct that explicitly prohibits modern slavery and outlines the consequences for non-compliance. Encouraging suppliers to adopt similar codes of conduct within their own operations can help create a network of ethical supply chain partners.
Moreover, regular risk assessments and impact analyses are critical. These assessments should consider geographical, industry-specific, and supplier-specific factors and help organizations understand the potential consequences of modern slavery-related risks on their reputation and bottom line.
Training and education are also essential components of mitigation strategies. Employees and suppliers should be educated on identifying and reporting instances of modern slavery, and awareness should be raised about the legal and ethical obligations surrounding this issue.
Lastly, collaboration and reporting are crucial. Organizations should collaborate with industry associations, NGOs, and government bodies to share best practices and improve industry-wide efforts against modern slavery. Transparent reporting on efforts to mitigate modern slavery risks demonstrates a commitment to addressing the issue and fosters trust with stakeholders.
The case of Antuzis & Ors v DJ Houghton Ltd serves as a stark reminder of the potential legal consequences of failing to address modern slavery in the supply chain. In this case, the court found that the company, DJ Houghton Ltd, had subjected workers to deplorable working conditions, effectively amounting to modern slavery. What sets this case apart is that the court held the directors personally liable for breaches of their duty of care to the workers. This case underscores the legal liabilities and reputational damage that organizations and their leadership can face if they neglect their responsibilities in the supply chain.
In Conclusion, modern slavery poses a significant risk to supply chains, jeopardizing ethical values, legal compliance, and corporate reputations. Supply chain managers have a crucial role in identifying and mitigating this risk by implementing due diligence, transparency measures, and ethical standards. By taking proactive steps to combat modern slavery, supply chain managers can protect their organizations and uphold their moral and legal obligations in an increasingly interconnected global economy. The case of Antuzis & Ors v DJ Houghton Ltd serves as a compelling reminder of the real-world consequences of failing to address this critical issue Tutor Notes
- The case study mentioned above is an excellent one to use in an essay about Modern Slavery. DJ Houghton Ltd was charged £1m in 2016 for trafficking migrant workers from Lithuania to various egg farms in the UK. They were subjected to inhumane conditions, income below minimum wage, they failed to provide adequate facilities to eat, wash and rest, and threatened workers with fighting dogs. The company's Gangmaster Licence was also revoked. Antuzis & Ors v DJ Houghton Ltd | Addleshaw Goddard LLP
- Your answer may also make reference to ethical standards and accreditations such as Fair Trade, using the CIPS Code of Conduct, Modern Slavery Act, having a strong CSR policy, appointing an ethical Ombudsman, ILO Conventions and the 2018 Decent Work Agenda, SA8000. Mentioning these extra bits would likely get you a distinction.

質問 # 36
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